简述
python连接微软的sql server数据库用的第三方模块叫做pymssql（document：http://www.pymssql.org/en/stable/index.html）。在官方文档可以看到，pymssql是基于\_mssql模块做的封装，是为了遵守python的DBAPI规范接口. 两者之间的关系如下图：
1.使用pymssql连接sql server数据库并实现数据库基本操作(官方api http://www.pymssql.org/en/stable/ref/pymssql.html )
import pymssql
server = “187.32.43.13” # 连接服务器地址
user = “root” # 连接帐号
password = “1234” # 连接密码
conn = pymssql.connect(server, user, password, “连接默认数据库名称”) #获取连接
cursor = conn.cursor() # 获取光标
创建表
cursor.execute(“”” IF OBJECT_ID(‘persons’, ‘U’) IS NOT NULL
DROP TABLE persons
CREATE TABLE persons (
id INT NOT NULL,
name VARCHAR(100),
salesrep VARCHAR(100),
PRIMARY KEY(id)
) “””) # 插入多行数据
cursor.executemany( “INSERT INTO persons VALUES (%d, %s, %s)”,
[(1, ‘John Smith’, ‘John Doe’),
(2, ‘Jane Doe’, ‘Joe Dog’),
(3, ‘Mike T.’, ‘Sarah H.’)]) # 你必须调用 commit() 来保持你数据的提交如果你没有将自动提交设置为true
conn.commit() # 查询数据
cursor.execute(‘SELECT * FROM persons WHERE salesrep=%s’, ‘John Doe’) # 遍历数据（存放到元组中） 方式1
row = cursor.fetchone() while row: print(“ID=%d, Name=%s” % (row[0], row[1]))
row = cursor.fetchone() # 遍历数据（存放到元组中） 方式2
for row in cursor: print(‘row = %r’ % (row,)) # 遍历数据（存放到字典中） # cursor = conn.cursor(as_dict=True) #
cursor.execute(‘SELECT * FROM persons WHERE salesrep=%s’, ‘John Doe’) # for row in cursor: # print(“ID=%d, Name=%s” % (row[‘id’], row[‘name’]))
conn.close() # 关闭连接
conn.close() # 注：在任何时候，在一个连接下，一次正在执行的数据库操作只会出现一个cursor对象
2）同时，如果你可以使用另一种语法：with 来避免手动关闭cursors和connection连接
import pymssql
server = “187.32.43.13” # 连接服务器地址
user = “root” # 连接帐号
password = “1234” # 连接密码
with pymssql.connect(server, user, password, “你的连接默认数据库名称”) as conn:
with conn.cursor(as_dict=True) as cursor: # 数据存放到字典中
cursor.execute(‘SELECT * FROM persons WHERE salesrep=%s’, ‘John Doe’) for row in cursor: print(“ID=%d, Name=%s” % (row[‘id’], row[‘name’]))
3）调用存储过程：
with pymssql.connect(server, user, password, “tempdb”) as conn:
with conn.cursor(as_dict=True) as cursor:
cursor.execute(“”” CREATE PROCEDURE FindPerson
@name VARCHAR(100)
AS BEGIN
SELECT * FROM persons WHERE name = @name
END “””)
cursor.callproc(‘FindPerson’, (‘Jane Doe’,)) for row in cursor: print(“ID=%d, Name=%s” % (row[‘id’], row[‘name’]))
2.使用_mssql连接sql server数据库并实现操作（官方api http://www.pymssql.org/en/stable/ref/_mssql.html）
import _mssql # 创建连接
conn = _mssql.connect(server=’SQL01’, user=’user’, password=’password’, \
database=‘mydatabase’) print(conn.timeout) print(conn.login_timeout) # 创建table
conn.execute_non_query(‘CREATE TABLE persons(id INT, name VARCHAR(100))’) # insert数据
conn.execute_non_query(“INSERT INTO persons VALUES(1, ‘John Doe’)”)
conn.execute_non_query(“INSERT INTO persons VALUES(2, ‘Jane Doe’)”) # 查询操作
conn.execute_query(‘SELECT * FROM persons WHERE salesrep=%s’, ‘John Doe’) for row in conn: print “ID=%d, Name=%s” % (row[‘id’], row[‘name’]) #查询数量count()
numemployees = conn.execute_scalar(“SELECT COUNT(*) FROM employees”) # 查询一条数据
employeedata = conn.execute_row(“SELECT * FROM employees WHERE id=%d”, 13) # 带参数查询的几个例子：
conn.execute_query(‘SELECT * FROM empl WHERE id=%d’, 13)
conn.execute_query(‘SELECT * FROM empl WHERE name=%s’, ‘John Doe’)
conn.execute_query(‘SELECT * FROM empl WHERE id IN (%s)’, ((5, 6),))
conn.execute_query(‘SELECT * FROM empl WHERE name LIKE %s’, ‘J%’)
conn.execute_query(‘SELECT * FROM empl WHERE name=%(name)s AND city=%(city)s’, \
{ ‘name’: ‘John Doe’, ‘city’: ‘Nowhere’ } )
conn.execute_query(‘SELECT * FROM cust WHERE salesrep=%s AND id IN (%s)’, \
(‘John Doe’, (1, 2, 3)))
conn.execute_query(‘SELECT * FROM empl WHERE id IN (%s)’, (tuple(xrange(4)),))
conn.execute_query(‘SELECT * FROM empl WHERE id IN (%s)’, \
(tuple([3, 5, 7, 11]),)) #关闭连接
conn.close()
