// 定义
public abstract class AbstractBootstrap<TBootstrap, TChannel>
    where TBootstrap : AbstractBootstrap<TBootstrap, TChannel>
    where TChannel : IChannel
// 定义子类
public class Bootstrap : AbstractBootstrap<Bootstrap, IChannel>
// 方法实现
public virtual TBootstrap Group(IEventLoopGroup group)
{
    Contract.Requires(group != null);

    if (this.group != null)
    {
        throw new InvalidOperationException("group has already been set.");
    }
    this.group = group;
    return (TBootstrap)this;
}
// 使用
var bootstrap = new Bootstrap();
bootstrap
    .Group(group)
    .Channel<TcpSocketChannel>()
    .Handler(new ActionChannelInitializer<ISocketChannel>(channel =>
    {
        IChannelPipeline pipeline = channel.Pipeline;
        pipeline.AddLast(new EchoClientHandler());
    }));

var group = new MultithreadEventLoopGroup();
var bootstrap = new Bootstrap();
bootstrap
    .Group(group)
    .Channel<TcpSocketChannel>()
    .Handler(new ActionChannelInitializer<ISocketChannel>(channel =>
    {
        IChannelPipeline pipeline = channel.Pipeline;
        pipeline.AddLast(new EchoClientHandler());
    }));
IChannel clientChannel = await bootstrap.ConnectAsync(new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse("10.10.10.158"), 3000));
Console.ReadLine();
await clientChannel.CloseAsync();

IEventLoopGroup eventLoop;
eventLoop = new MultithreadEventLoopGroup();
try
{
    // 服务器引导程序
    var bootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();
    bootstrap.Group(eventLoop);
    bootstrap.Channel<TcpServerSocketChannel>();
    bootstrap.ChildHandler(new ActionChannelInitializer<IChannel>(channel =>
    {
        IChannelPipeline pipeline = channel.Pipeline;
        pipeline.AddLast(new EchoServerHandler());
    }));
    IChannel boundChannel = await bootstrap.BindAsync(3000);
    Console.ReadLine();
    await boundChannel.CloseAsync();
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
    Console.WriteLine(ex);
}
finally
{
    await eventLoop.ShutdownGracefullyAsync();
}

var bootstrap = new Bootstrap();
bootstrap
    .Group(group)
    .Channel<TcpSocketChannel>()
    .Option(ChannelOption.TcpNodelay, true)
    .Handler(new ActionChannelInitializer<ISocketChannel>(channel =>
    {
        IChannelPipeline pipeline = channel.Pipeline;

        if (cert != null)
        {
            pipeline.AddLast("tls", new TlsHandler(stream => new SslStream(stream, true, (sender, certificate, chain, errors) => true), new ClientTlsSettings(targetHost)));
        }
        pipeline.AddLast(new LoggingHandler());
        pipeline.AddLast("framing-enc", new LengthFieldPrepender(2));
        pipeline.AddLast("framing-dec", new LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder(ushort.MaxValue, 0, 2, 0, 2));

        pipeline.AddLast("echo", new EchoClientHandler());
    }));

bootstrap.Option(ChannelOption.SoKeepalive, true)
    .Option(ChannelOption.ConnectTimeout, new TimeSpan(5000));

var bootstrap = new Bootstrap();
bootstrap
    .Group(group)
    .Channel<SocketDatagramChannel>()
    .Option(ChannelOption.SoBroadcast, true)
    .Handler(new ActionChannelInitializer<IChannel>(channel =>
    {
        channel.Pipeline.AddLast("Quote", new QuoteOfTheMomentClientHandler());
    }));

IChannel clientChannel = await bootstrap.BindAsync(IPEndPoint.MinPort);

await clientChannel.CloseAsync();

await group.ShutdownGracefullyAsync();

// ByteToMessageDecoder
public class ToIntDecoder : ByteToMessageDecoder
{
    protected override void Decode(IChannelHandlerContext context, IByteBuffer input, List<object> output)
    {
        if (input.ReadableBytes >= 4) output.Add(input.ReadInt());
    }
}
// 测试代码
[Fact]
public void TestIntDecoder()
{
    IByteBuffer buf = Unpooled.Buffer();
    for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++)
    {
        buf.WriteByte(i);
    }
    // 构建Channel
    EmbeddedChannel channel = new EmbeddedChannel(new ToIntDecoder());
    // 测试
    Assert.True(channel.WriteInbound(buf));
    Assert.True(channel.Finish());

    // 比如 0 1 2 3
    // 3*2^0+2*2^8+1*2^16+0*2^24
    Assert.Equal(66051, channel.ReadInbound<int>());

}

// 不需要判断ReadableBytes的ReplayingDecoder
public class ToIntDecoder2 : ReplayingDecoder<int>
{
    public ToIntDecoder2(int initialState) : base(initialState)
    {
    }

    protected override void Decode(IChannelHandlerContext context, IByteBuffer input, List<object> output)
    {
        output.Add(input.ReadInt());
    }
}

public class IntToStringDecoder : MessageToMessageDecoder<int>
{
    protected override void Decode(IChannelHandlerContext context, int message, List<object> output)
    {
        output.Add(message.ToString());
    }
}

public class ShortToByteEncoder : MessageToByteEncoder<short>
{
    protected override void Encode(IChannelHandlerContext context, short message, IByteBuffer output)
    {
        output.WriteShort(message);
    }
}

public class IntToStringEncoder : MessageToMessageEncoder<int>
{
    protected override void Encode(IChannelHandlerContext context, int message, List<object> output)
    {
        output.Add(message.ToString());
    }
}

// 提供结合的编解码器
public class CombinedCodec : CombinedChannelDuplexHandler<ToIntDecoder, ShortToByteEncoder>
{

}

using DotNetty.Buffers;
using DotNetty.Codecs;
using DotNetty.Transport.Channels;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;

namespace EmbededChannelTest
{
    public class FixedLengthFrameDecoder : ByteToMessageDecoder
    {
        private int _frameLength;
        public FixedLengthFrameDecoder(int frameLength)
        {
            if (frameLength <= 0)
            {
                throw new Exception("不合法的参数。");
            }
            _frameLength = frameLength;
        }
        protected override void Decode(IChannelHandlerContext context, IByteBuffer input, List<object> output)
        {
            // 解码器实现固定的帧长度
            while (input.ReadableBytes >= _frameLength)
            {
                IByteBuffer buf = input.ReadBytes(_frameLength);
                output.Add(buf);
            }
        }
    }
}

using DotNetty.Buffers;
using DotNetty.Transport.Channels.Embedded;
using EmbededChannelTest;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using Xunit;

namespace UnitTest
{
    public class UnitTester
    {
        [Fact]
        public void testFrameDecoder()
        {
            IByteBuffer buf = Unpooled.Buffer();
            for (int i = 0; i < 9; i++)
            {
                buf.WriteByte(i);
            }
            IByteBuffer input = buf.Duplicate();
            EmbeddedChannel channel = new EmbeddedChannel(new FixedLengthFrameDecoder(3));
            // 写数据
            // retain能够将buffer的引用计数加1，并且返回这个buffer本身
            Assert.True(channel.WriteInbound(input.Retain()));
            Assert.True(channel.Finish());
            // 读数据
            IByteBuffer read = channel.ReadInbound<IByteBuffer>();
            Assert.Equal(buf.ReadSlice(3), read);
            read.Release();

            read = channel.ReadInbound<IByteBuffer>();
            Assert.Equal(buf.ReadSlice(3), read);
            read.Release();

            read = channel.ReadInbound<IByteBuffer>();
            Assert.Equal(buf.ReadSlice(3), read);
            read.Release();

            Assert.Null(channel.ReadInbound<object>());
            buf.Release();
        }
    }
}

public override void ChannelRead(IChannelHandlerContext ctx, object msg)
{
    IByteBuffer message = msg as IByteBuffer;
    // 检查是否有支撑数组
    if (message.HasArray)
    {
        // 获取数组
        byte[] array = message.Array;
        // 计算第一个字节的偏移
        int offset = message.ArrayOffset + message.ReaderIndex;
        // 获取可读字节数
        int length = message.ReadableBytes;
        // 调用方法，处理数据
        HandleArray(array, offset, length);
    }
    Console.WriteLine("收到信息：" + message.ToString(Encoding.UTF8));
    ctx.WriteAsync(message);
}

public override void ChannelRead(IChannelHandlerContext ctx, object msg)
{
    IByteBuffer message = msg as IByteBuffer;
    if (message.HasArray)
    {
        int length = message.ReadableBytes;
        byte[] array = new byte[length];
        message.GetBytes(message.ReaderIndex, array);
        HandleArray(array, 0, length);
    }
    Console.WriteLine("收到信息：" + message.ToString(Encoding.UTF8));
    ctx.WriteAsync(message);
}

public override void ChannelRead(IChannelHandlerContext ctx, object msg)
{
    IByteBuffer message = msg as IByteBuffer;
    // 创建一个复合缓冲区
    CompositeByteBuffer messageBuf = Unpooled.CompositeBuffer();
    // 创建两个ByteBuffer
    IByteBuffer headBuf = Unpooled.CopiedBuffer(message);
    IByteBuffer bodyBuf = Unpooled.CopiedBuffer(message);
    // 添加到符合缓冲区中
    messageBuf.AddComponents(headBuf, bodyBuf);
    // 删除
    messageBuf.RemoveComponent(0);

    Console.WriteLine("收到信息：" + message.ToString(Encoding.UTF8));
    ctx.WriteAsync(message);
}

public override void ChannelRead(IChannelHandlerContext ctx, object msg)
{
    IByteBuffer message = msg as IByteBuffer;
    for (int i = 0; i < message.Capacity; i++)
    {
        // 如此使用索引访问不会改变读索引也不会改变写索引
        byte b = message.GetByte(i);
        Console.WriteLine(b);
    }

    Console.WriteLine("收到信息：" + message.ToString(Encoding.UTF8));
    ctx.WriteAsync(message);
}

message.DiscardReadBytes();

while (message.IsReadable())
{
    Console.WriteLine(message.ReadByte());
}

// 使用随机数填充可写区域
while (message.WritableBytes > 4)
{
    message.WriteInt(new Random().Next(0, 100));
}

// 查找\r
message.ForEachByte(ByteProcessor.FindCR);

// 显式丢弃消息
ReferenceCountUtil.release(msg);

ReferenceCountUtil.retain(message)

### Welcome to the InfluxDB configuration file.

# The values in this file override the default values used by the system if
# a config option is not specified. The commented out lines are the configuration
# field and the default value used. Uncommenting a line and changing the value
# will change the value used at runtime when the process is restarted.

# Once every 24 hours InfluxDB will report usage data to usage.influxdata.com
# The data includes a random ID, os, arch, version, the number of series and other
# usage data. No data from user databases is ever transmitted.
# Change this option to true to disable reporting.
# reporting-disabled = false

# Bind address to use for the RPC service for backup and restore.
# bind-address = "127.0.0.1:8088"

###
### [meta]
###
### Controls the parameters for the Raft consensus group that stores metadata
### about the InfluxDB cluster.
###

[meta]
  # Where the metadata/raft database is stored
  dir = "D:/influxdb-1.4.2-1/meta"

  # Automatically create a default retention policy when creating a database.
    retention-autocreate = true

  # If log messages are printed for the meta service
    logging-enabled = true

###
### [data]
###
### Controls where the actual shard data for InfluxDB lives and how it is
### flushed from the WAL. "dir" may need to be changed to a suitable place
### for your system, but the WAL settings are an advanced configuration. The
### defaults should work for most systems.
###

[data]
  # The directory where the TSM storage engine stores TSM files.
  dir = "D:/influxdb-1.4.2-1/data"

  # The directory where the TSM storage engine stores WAL files.
  wal-dir = "D:/influxdb-1.4.2-1/wal"

  # The amount of time that a write will wait before fsyncing.  A duration
  # greater than 0 can be used to batch up multiple fsync calls.  This is useful for slower
  # disks or when WAL write contention is seen.  A value of 0s fsyncs every write to the WAL.
  # Values in the range of 0-100ms are recommended for non-SSD disks.
  # wal-fsync-delay = "0s"


  # The type of shard index to use for new shards.  The default is an in-memory index that is
  # recreated at startup.  A value of "tsi1" will use a disk based index that supports higher
  # cardinality datasets.
  # index-version = "inmem"

  # Trace logging provides more verbose output around the tsm engine. Turning
  # this on can provide more useful output for debugging tsm engine issues.
  # trace-logging-enabled = false

  # Whether queries should be logged before execution. Very useful for troubleshooting, but will
  # log any sensitive data contained within a query.
    query-log-enabled = true

  # Settings for the TSM engine

  # CacheMaxMemorySize is the maximum size a shard's cache can
  # reach before it starts rejecting writes.
  # Valid size suffixes are k, m, or g (case insensitive, 1024 = 1k).
  # Vaues without a size suffix are in bytes.
  # cache-max-memory-size = "1g"

  # CacheSnapshotMemorySize is the size at which the engine will
  # snapshot the cache and write it to a TSM file, freeing up memory
  # Valid size suffixes are k, m, or g (case insensitive, 1024 = 1k).
  # Values without a size suffix are in bytes.
  # cache-snapshot-memory-size = "25m"

  # CacheSnapshotWriteColdDuration is the length of time at
  # which the engine will snapshot the cache and write it to
  # a new TSM file if the shard hasn't received writes or deletes
  # cache-snapshot-write-cold-duration = "10m"

  # CompactFullWriteColdDuration is the duration at which the engine
  # will compact all TSM files in a shard if it hasn't received a
  # write or delete
  # compact-full-write-cold-duration = "4h"

  # The maximum number of concurrent full and level compactions that can run at one time.  A
  # value of 0 results in 50% of runtime.GOMAXPROCS(0) used at runtime.  Any number greater
  # than 0 limits compactions to that value.  This setting does not apply
  # to cache snapshotting.
  # max-concurrent-compactions = 0

  # The maximum series allowed per database before writes are dropped.  This limit can prevent
  # high cardinality issues at the database level.  This limit can be disabled by setting it to
  # 0.
  # max-series-per-database = 1000000

  # The maximum number of tag values per tag that are allowed before writes are dropped.  This limit
  # can prevent high cardinality tag values from being written to a measurement.  This limit can be
  # disabled by setting it to 0.
  # max-values-per-tag = 100000

###
### [coordinator]
###
### Controls the clustering service configuration.
###

[coordinator]
  # The default time a write request will wait until a "timeout" error is returned to the caller.
  # write-timeout = "10s"

  # The maximum number of concurrent queries allowed to be executing at one time.  If a query is
  # executed and exceeds this limit, an error is returned to the caller.  This limit can be disabled
  # by setting it to 0.
  # max-concurrent-queries = 0

  # The maximum time a query will is allowed to execute before being killed by the system.  This limit
  # can help prevent run away queries.  Setting the value to 0 disables the limit.
  # query-timeout = "0s"

  # The time threshold when a query will be logged as a slow query.  This limit can be set to help
  # discover slow or resource intensive queries.  Setting the value to 0 disables the slow query logging.
  # log-queries-after = "0s"

  # The maximum number of points a SELECT can process.  A value of 0 will make
  # the maximum point count unlimited.  This will only be checked every second so queries will not
  # be aborted immediately when hitting the limit.
  # max-select-point = 0

  # The maximum number of series a SELECT can run.  A value of 0 will make the maximum series
  # count unlimited.
  # max-select-series = 0

  # The maxium number of group by time bucket a SELECT can create.  A value of zero will max the maximum
  # number of buckets unlimited.
  # max-select-buckets = 0

###
### [retention]
###
### Controls the enforcement of retention policies for evicting old data.
###

[retention]
  # Determines whether retention policy enforcement enabled.
    enabled = true

  # The interval of time when retention policy enforcement checks run.
    check-interval = "30m"

###
### [shard-precreation]
###
### Controls the precreation of shards, so they are available before data arrives.
### Only shards that, after creation, will have both a start- and end-time in the
### future, will ever be created. Shards are never precreated that would be wholly
### or partially in the past.

[shard-precreation]
  # Determines whether shard pre-creation service is enabled.
    enabled = true

  # The interval of time when the check to pre-create new shards runs.
    check-interval = "10m"

  # The default period ahead of the endtime of a shard group that its successor
  # group is created.
    advance-period = "30m"

###
### Controls the system self-monitoring, statistics and diagnostics.
###
### The internal database for monitoring data is created automatically if
### if it does not already exist. The target retention within this database
### is called 'monitor' and is also created with a retention period of 7 days
### and a replication factor of 1, if it does not exist. In all cases the
### this retention policy is configured as the default for the database.

[monitor]
  # Whether to record statistics internally.
    store-enabled = true

  # The destination database for recorded statistics
    store-database = "_internal"

  # The interval at which to record statistics
    store-interval = "10s"

###
### [http]
###
### Controls how the HTTP endpoints are configured. These are the primary
### mechanism for getting data into and out of InfluxDB.
###

[http]
  # Determines whether HTTP endpoint is enabled.
    enabled = true

  # The bind address used by the HTTP service.
    bind-address = ":8086"

  # Determines whether user authentication is enabled over HTTP/HTTPS.
  # auth-enabled = false

  # The default realm sent back when issuing a basic auth challenge.
  # realm = "InfluxDB"

  # Determines whether HTTP request logging is enabled.
  # log-enabled = true

  # Determines whether detailed write logging is enabled.
  # write-tracing = false

  # Determines whether the pprof endpoint is enabled.  This endpoint is used for
  # troubleshooting and monitoring.
  # pprof-enabled = true

  # Determines whether HTTPS is enabled.
  # https-enabled = false

  # The SSL certificate to use when HTTPS is enabled.
  # https-certificate = "/etc/ssl/influxdb.pem"

  # Use a separate private key location.
  # https-private-key = ""

  # The JWT auth shared secret to validate requests using JSON web tokens.
  # shared-secret = ""

  # The default chunk size for result sets that should be chunked.
  # max-row-limit = 0

  # The maximum number of HTTP connections that may be open at once.  New connections that
  # would exceed this limit are dropped.  Setting this value to 0 disables the limit.
  # max-connection-limit = 0

  # Enable http service over unix domain socket
  # unix-socket-enabled = false

  # The path of the unix domain socket.
  # bind-socket = "/var/run/influxdb.sock"

  # The maximum size of a client request body, in bytes. Setting this value to 0 disables the limit.
  # max-body-size = 25000000


###
### [ifql]
###
### Configures the ifql RPC API.
###

[ifql]
  # Determines whether the RPC service is enabled.
  # enabled = true

  # Determines whether additional logging is enabled.
  # log-enabled = true

  # The bind address used by the ifql RPC service.
  # bind-address = ":8082"


###
### [subscriber]
###
### Controls the subscriptions, which can be used to fork a copy of all data
### received by the InfluxDB host.
###

[subscriber]
  # Determines whether the subscriber service is enabled.
  # enabled = true

  # The default timeout for HTTP writes to subscribers.
  # http-timeout = "30s"

  # Allows insecure HTTPS connections to subscribers.  This is useful when testing with self-
  # signed certificates.
  # insecure-skip-verify = false

  # The path to the PEM encoded CA certs file. If the empty string, the default system certs will be used
  # ca-certs = ""

  # The number of writer goroutines processing the write channel.
  # write-concurrency = 40

  # The number of in-flight writes buffered in the write channel.
  # write-buffer-size = 1000


###
### [[graphite]]
###
### Controls one or many listeners for Graphite data.
###

[[graphite]]
  # Determines whether the graphite endpoint is enabled.
  # enabled = false
  # database = "graphite"
  # retention-policy = ""
  # bind-address = ":2003"
  # protocol = "tcp"
  # consistency-level = "one"

  # These next lines control how batching works. You should have this enabled
  # otherwise you could get dropped metrics or poor performance. Batching
  # will buffer points in memory if you have many coming in.

  # Flush if this many points get buffered
  # batch-size = 5000

  # number of batches that may be pending in memory
  # batch-pending = 10

  # Flush at least this often even if we haven't hit buffer limit
  # batch-timeout = "1s"

  # UDP Read buffer size, 0 means OS default. UDP listener will fail if set above OS max.
  # udp-read-buffer = 0

  ### This string joins multiple matching 'measurement' values providing more control over the final measurement name.
  # separator = "."

  ### Default tags that will be added to all metrics.  These can be overridden at the template level
  ### or by tags extracted from metric
  # tags = ["region=us-east", "zone=1c"]

  ### Each template line requires a template pattern.  It can have an optional
  ### filter before the template and separated by spaces.  It can also have optional extra
  ### tags following the template.  Multiple tags should be separated by commas and no spaces
  ### similar to the line protocol format.  There can be only one default template.
  # templates = [
  #   "*.app env.service.resource.measurement",
  #   # Default template
  #   "server.*",
  # ]

###
### [collectd]
###
### Controls one or many listeners for collectd data.
###

[[collectd]]
  # enabled = false
  # bind-address = ":25826"
  # database = "collectd"
  # retention-policy = ""
  #
  # The collectd service supports either scanning a directory for multiple types
  # db files, or specifying a single db file.
  # typesdb = "/usr/local/share/collectd"
  #
  # security-level = "none"
  # auth-file = "/etc/collectd/auth_file"

  # These next lines control how batching works. You should have this enabled
  # otherwise you could get dropped metrics or poor performance. Batching
  # will buffer points in memory if you have many coming in.

  # Flush if this many points get buffered
  # batch-size = 5000

  # Number of batches that may be pending in memory
  # batch-pending = 10

  # Flush at least this often even if we haven't hit buffer limit
  # batch-timeout = "10s"

  # UDP Read buffer size, 0 means OS default. UDP listener will fail if set above OS max.
  # read-buffer = 0

  # Multi-value plugins can be handled two ways.
  # "split" will parse and store the multi-value plugin data into separate measurements
  # "join" will parse and store the multi-value plugin as a single multi-value measurement.
  # "split" is the default behavior for backward compatability with previous versions of influxdb.
  # parse-multivalue-plugin = "split"
###
### [opentsdb]
###
### Controls one or many listeners for OpenTSDB data.
###

[[opentsdb]]
  # enabled = false
  # bind-address = ":4242"
  # database = "opentsdb"
  # retention-policy = ""
  # consistency-level = "one"
  # tls-enabled = false
  # certificate= "/etc/ssl/influxdb.pem"

  # Log an error for every malformed point.
  # log-point-errors = true

  # These next lines control how batching works. You should have this enabled
  # otherwise you could get dropped metrics or poor performance. Only points
  # metrics received over the telnet protocol undergo batching.

  # Flush if this many points get buffered
  # batch-size = 1000

  # Number of batches that may be pending in memory
  # batch-pending = 5

  # Flush at least this often even if we haven't hit buffer limit
  # batch-timeout = "1s"

###
### [[udp]]
###
### Controls the listeners for InfluxDB line protocol data via UDP.
###

[[udp]]
  # enabled = false
  # bind-address = ":8089"
  # database = "udp"
  # retention-policy = ""

  # These next lines control how batching works. You should have this enabled
  # otherwise you could get dropped metrics or poor performance. Batching
  # will buffer points in memory if you have many coming in.

  # Flush if this many points get buffered
  # batch-size = 5000

  # Number of batches that may be pending in memory
  # batch-pending = 10

  # Will flush at least this often even if we haven't hit buffer limit
  # batch-timeout = "1s"

  # UDP Read buffer size, 0 means OS default. UDP listener will fail if set above OS max.
  # read-buffer = 0

###
### [continuous_queries]
###
### Controls how continuous queries are run within InfluxDB.
###

[continuous_queries]
  # Determines whether the continuous query service is enabled.
  # enabled = true

  # Controls whether queries are logged when executed by the CQ service.
  # log-enabled = true

  # Controls whether queries are logged to the self-monitoring data store.
  # query-stats-enabled = false

  # interval for how often continuous queries will be checked if they need to run
  # run-interval = "1s"