Chemmy's Blog

chengming0916@outlook.com

发表于 更新于 分类于

服务端

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 # 安装nfs服务
sudo apt install nfs-common nfs-kernel-server portman -y

# 创建共享目录
sudo mkdir -p /mnt/share/
sudo chmod 777 /mnt/share

# 编辑映射文件
sudo vim /etc/exports

# 共享目录
/mnt/share	*(rw,sync)

# 设置ACL赋予nfsnobody权限
sudo setfacl -m u:nfsbody:rw /mnt/share

# 启动NFS服务
sudo /etc/init.d/nfs-kernel-server start
sudo /etc/init.d/nfs-common start

# 检查服务启动
sudo showmount -e

客户端

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# 安装nfs
sudo apt install nfs-common

# 新建本地文件夹
sudo mkdir /mnt/nfs

# sudo mount [nfs_server]:[server_dir] [local_mount_point]
# [nfs_server] nfs服务器ip
# [server_dir] 服务器共享路径
# [local_mount_point] 本地挂载路径
sudo mount [nfs_server]:[server_dir] [local_mount_point]
# 示例
sudo mount 192.168.1.100:/mnt/share /mnt/nfs

# 查看挂载是否成功
df -Th

编辑fstab 配置自动挂载

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sudo vim /etc/fstab
# 在最后一行添加 
[nfs_server]:/mnt/share	/mnt/nfs	nfs	defaults	0	0

卸载

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sudo umount [local_mount_point] 
#示例
sudo umount /mnt/nfs

需要认证参考为 Linux 客户端设置具有基于 Kerberos 的身份验证的 NFS 服务器 (linux-console.net)

安全相关参考如何确保NFS服务安全-腾讯云开发者社区-腾讯云 (tencent.com)

用户身份映射参考NFS服务的用户身份映射 - wangmo - 博客园 (cnblogs.com)

发表于 更新于 分类于

本地路径映射（HostPath）

HostPath 卷存在许多安全风险，最佳做法是尽可能避免使用 HostPath。 当必须使用 HostPath 卷时，它的范围应仅限于所需的文件或目录，并以只读方式挂载。

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apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: test-pd
spec:
  containers:
  - image: registry.k8s.io/test-webserver
    name: test-container
    volumeMounts:
    - mountPath: /test-pd
      name: test-volume
  volumes:
  - name: test-volume
    hostPath:
      # 宿主机上目录位置
      path: /data
      # 此字段为可选
      type: Directory

支持的 type 值如下:

取值 行为
空字符串（默认）用于向后兼容，这意味着在安装 hostPath 卷之前不会执行任何检查。
DirectoryOrCreate 如果在给定路径上什么都不存在，那么将根据需要创建空目录，权限设置为 0755，具有与 kubelet 相同的组和属主信息。
Directory 在给定路径上必须存在的目录。
FileOrCreate 如果在给定路径上什么都不存在，那么将在那里根据需要创建空文件，权限设置为 0644，具有与 kubelet 相同的组和所有权。
File 在给定路径上必须存在的文件。
Socket 在给定路径上必须存在的 UNIX 套接字。
CharDevice 在给定路径上必须存在的字符设备。
BlockDevice 在给定路径上必须存在的块设备。 
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apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1
kind: StorageClass
metadata:
  name: example-vol-default
provisioner: vendor-name.example

local

local 卷只能用作静态创建的持久卷。不支持动态配置。

与 hostPath 卷相比，local 卷能够以持久和可移植的方式使用，而无需手动将 Pod 调度到节点。系统通过查看 PersistentVolume 的节点亲和性配置，就能了解卷的节点约束。

使用 local 卷时，你需要设置 PersistentVolume 对象的 nodeAffinity 字段。 Kubernetes 调度器使用 PersistentVolume 的 nodeAffinity 信息来将使用 local 卷的 Pod 调度到正确的节点。

PersistentVolume 对象的 volumeMode 字段可被设置为 “Block” （而不是默认值 “Filesystem”），以将 local 卷作为原始块设备暴露出来。

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apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
  name: example-pv
spec:
  capacity:
    storage: 100Gi
  volumeMode: Filesystem
  accessModes:
  - ReadWriteOnce
  persistentVolumeReclaimPolicy: Delete
  storageClassName: local-storage
  local:
    path: /mnt/disks/ssd1
  nodeAffinity:
    required:
      nodeSelectorTerms:
      - matchExpressions:
        - key: kubernetes.io/hostname
          operator: In
          values:
          - example-node

NFS映射

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Minio

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Ceph

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发表于 更新于 分类于

准备环境

证书

[[../杂项/OpenSSL生成自签名证书|OpenSSL生成自签名证书]]

k3s证书管理

默认配置文件

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helm show values harbor/harbor > harbor-values.yaml

安装

配置清单

harbor-value.yaml

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expose:
  type: ingress
  tls:
    enabled: true
    certSource: secret
    secret:
      secretName: "example.io"
      notarySecretName: "example.io"
  ingress:
    hosts:
      core: harbor.example.io
      notary: notary.example.io
    controller: default
    annotations:
      ingress.kubernetes.io/ssl-redirect: "true"
      ingress.kubernetes.io/proxy-body-size: "0"
      kubernetes.io/ingress.class: "traefik"
      traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/router.tls: "true"
      traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/router.entrypoints: websecure

externalURL: https://harbor.example.io

harborAdminPassword: "Harbor123456"

logLevel: info

chartmuseum:
  enabled: true

database:
  type: external
  external:
    host: "postgres.devops.svc.cluster.local"
    port: "5432"
    username: "harbor"
    password: "harbor"
redis:
  type: external
  external:
    addr: "redis.devops.svc.cluster.local:6379"
    password: "passwd"

harbor-ingress.yaml

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apiVersion: traefik.containo.us/v1alpha1
kind: IngressRoute
metadata:
  namespace: kube-ops
  name: harbor-http
spec:
  entryPoints:
    - websecure
  tls:
    secretName: all-xxxx-com
  routes:
    - match: Host(`harbor.example.com`) && PathPrefix(`/`)
      kind: Rule
      services:
        - name: harbor-portal
          port: 80
---
apiVersion: traefik.containo.us/v1alpha1
kind: IngressRoute
metadata:
  namespace: kube-ops
  name: harbor-api
spec:
  entryPoints:
    - websecure
  tls:
    secretName: all-xxxx-com
  routes:
    - match: Host(`harbor.example.com`) && PathPrefix(`/api/`)
      kind: Rule
      services:
        - name: harbor-core
          port: 80
---
apiVersion: traefik.containo.us/v1alpha1
kind: IngressRoute
metadata:
  namespace: kube-ops
  name: harbor-service
spec:
  entryPoints:
    - websecure
  tls:
    secretName: all-xxxx-com
  routes:
    - match: Host(`harbor.example.com`) && PathPrefix(`/service/`)
      kind: Rule
      services:
        - name: harbor-core
          port: 80
---
apiVersion: traefik.containo.us/v1alpha1
kind: IngressRoute
metadata:
  namespace: kube-ops
  name: harbor-v2
spec:
  entryPoints:
    - websecure
  tls:
    secretName: all-xxxx-com
  routes:
    - match: Host(`harbor.example.com`) && PathPrefix(`/v2`)
      kind: Rule
      services:
        - name: harbor-core
          port: 80
---
apiVersion: traefik.containo.us/v1alpha1
kind: IngressRoute
metadata:
  namespace: kube-ops
  name: harbor-chartrepo
spec:
  entryPoints:
    - websecure
  tls:
    secretName: all-xxxx-com
  routes:
    - match: Host(`harbor.example.com`) && PathPrefix(`/chartrepo/`)
      kind: Rule
      services:
        - name: harbor-core
          port: 80
---
apiVersion: traefik.containo.us/v1alpha1
kind: IngressRoute
metadata:
  namespace: kube-ops
  name: harbor-c
spec:
  entryPoints:
    - websecure
  tls:
    secretName: all-xxxx-com
  routes:
    - match: Host(`harbor.example.com`) && PathPrefix(`/c/`)
      kind: Rule
      services:
        - name: harbor-core
          port: 80

安装Harbor

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# 添加Harbor仓库
helm repo add harbor https://helm.goharbor.io

# 使用部署或升级Harbor
helm upgrade harbor harbor/harbor --namespace harbor \
	--install --create-namespace \
	-f harbor-values.yaml

配置

配置library仓库源

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kubectl edit configmap harobr-registry -n harbor

# 在auth: 后边添加新节点
proxy:
  remoteurl: "https://registry-1.docker.io"


使用Harbor

配置镜像缓存

参考

Harbor 搭建镜像代理 | Northes

Kubernetes ≥ 1.25 Containerd配置Harbor私有镜像仓库_containerd登录镜像仓库-CSDN博客

结合Cert-Manager完成Harbor的Https证书自动签发 | 风格 | 风起于青萍之末 (lusyoe.github.io)

Containerd容器镜像管理-腾讯云开发者社区-腾讯云 (tencent.com)

通过helm在k8s上搭建Harbor - 简书 (jianshu.com)

Kubernetes 集群仓库 harbor Helm3 部署-腾讯云开发者社区-腾讯云 (tencent.com)

containerd基本使用命令 - 杨梅冲 - 博客园 (cnblogs.com)

Kubernetes1.21搭建harbor-腾讯云开发者社区-腾讯云 (tencent.com)

发表于 更新于 分类于

Helm部署

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helm repo add kubernetes-dashboard https://kubernetes.github.io/dashboard/

#helm会使用kubectl默认的KUBECONFIG配置，这里我们需要将KUBECONFIG换成k3s的否则会链接失败。
export KUBECONFIG=/etc/rancher/k3s/k3s.yaml

#注意要指定端口号等信息，方便访问
# service.type=NodePort 默认是ClusterIP只能本机访问 
# service.nodePort=30080 指定访问端口号
# replicaCount=2 2个节点

# helm v2
helm upgrade --install kubernetes-dashboard kubernetes-dashboard/kubernetes-dashboard \
--create-namespace \
--namespace kubernetes-dashboard  \
# --set service.type=NodePort \
# --set service.nodePort=30080 \
# --set replicaCount=2

# helm v3+
helm install kubernetes-dashboard kubernetes-dashboard/kubernetes-dashboard \
--create-namespace \
--namespace kubernetes-dashboard \
# --set service.type=NodePort \
# --set service.nodePort=30080 \
# --set replicaCount=2

配置远程访问

NodePort暴露端口

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kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard edit service kubernetes-dashboard-web
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# Please edit the object below. Lines beginning with a '#' will be ignored,
# and an empty file will abort the edit. If an error occurs while saving this file will be
# reopened with the relevant failures.
#
apiVersion: v1
...
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
  resourceVersion: "343478"
  selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/kubernetes-dashboard/services/kubernetes-dashboard
  uid: 8e48f478-993d-11e7-87e0-901b0e532516
spec:
  clusterIP: 10.100.124.90
  externalTrafficPolicy: Cluster
  ports:
  - port: 443
    protocol: TCP
    targetPort: 8443
  selector:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  sessionAffinity: None
  # 修改开放端口方式
  #type: ClusterIP
  type: NodePort
status:
  loadBalancer: {}

Traefik Ingress反向代理

创建证书请求文件dashboard-cert-manager.yaml

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apiVersion: cert-manager.io/v1
kind: Certificate
metadata:
  name: k3s-chemmy-io
  namespace: default
spec:
  secretName: k3s-chemmy-io-tls
  issuerRef:
    name: letsencrypt-staging
    kind: ClusterIssuer
  commonName: k3s.chemmy.io
  dnsNames:
  - k3s.sample.net

此配置文件是测试版，正式版参考K3s部署cert-manager

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kubectl apply -f dashboard-cert-manager.yaml

# 查看
kubectl get certificates

# 如果状态不是READY，检查 
kubectl describe certificates k3s-chemmy-io

# 清理证书
kubectl delete certificates k3s-chemmy-io
kubectl delete secrets k3s-chemmy-io-tls

配置账户

新建dashboard-admin.yaml

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# 创建ServiceAccount
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: admin-user
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
---
#创建clusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: admin-user
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: cluster-admin
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: admin-user
    namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

新建用户

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# 部署用户资源
kubectl apply -f dashboard-admin.yaml

获取token

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# v1.24+
sudo k3s kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard create token admin-user

# v1.23 及之前的版本
sudo k3s kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard describe secret admin-user-token | grep '^token'

Kubectl部署

最新版本只支持Helm,旧版本v2.7支持Kubectl部署

下载 recommended.yaml

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kubectl apply -f recommended.yaml

修改recommended.yaml

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...
---
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  # 直接暴露端口使用NodePort,Traefik使用ClusterIP
  #type: ClusterIP
  type: NodePort
  ports:
    - port: 443
      targetPort: 8443
  selector:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
---
...

dashboard的默认webui证书是自动生成的，由于时间和名称存在问题，导致谷歌和ie浏览器无法打开登录界面，经过测试Firefox可以正常打开。解决证书问题参考Kubernetes Dashboard的安装与坑 - 简书 (jianshu.com)

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---

# 注释内置自动生成的证书 
#apiVersion: v1
#kind: Secret
#metadata:
#  labels:
#    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
#  name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
#  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
#type: Opaque
 
---
...
---
 
kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  replicas: 1
  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: kubernetes-dashboard
          image: kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.1.0
          imagePullPolicy: Always
          ports:
            - containerPort: 8443
              protocol: TCP
          args:
          # 注释自动生成证书
          #  - --auto-generate-certificates
            - --namespace=kubernetes-dashboard
            # 添加证书配置及证书文件映射
            - --token-ttl=3600
            - --bind-address=0.0.0.0
            - --tls-cert-file=tls.crt
            - --tls-key-file=tls.key
            # Uncomment the following line to manually specify Kubernetes API server Host
            # If not specified, Dashboard will attempt to auto discover the API server and connect
            # to it. Uncomment only if the default does not work.
            # - --apiserver-host=http://my-address:port
          volumeMounts:
            - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
              mountPath: /certs
              # Create on-disk volume to store exec logs
            - mountPath: /tmp
              name: tmp-volume
          livenessProbe:
            httpGet:
              scheme: HTTPS
              path: /
              port: 8443
            initialDelaySeconds: 30
            timeoutSeconds: 30
          securityContext:
            allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
            readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
            runAsUser: 1001
            runAsGroup: 2001
      volumes:
        - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
          secret:
            secretName: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
        - name: tmp-volume
          emptyDir: {}
      serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
      nodeSelector:
        "kubernetes.io/os": linux
      # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
      tolerations:
        - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
          effect: NoSchedule
 
---
...

生成证书文件 tls.crt,tls.csr,tls.key

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# 生成key
openssl genrsa -out tls.key 2048
# 生成csr
openssl req -new -out tls.csr -key tls.key -subj '/CN=0.0.0.0'
# 生成
openssl x509 -req -in tls.csr -signkey tls.key -out tls.crt 

#创建secret
kubectl create secret generic kubernetes-dashboard-certs --from-file=tls.crt --from-file=tls.key -n kubernetes-dashboard

subj子参数解释

缩写 翻译 英文对照
C 国家名称缩写 Country Name (2 letter code)
ST 州或省名称 State or Province Name (full name)
L 城市或区域称 Locality Name (eg, city)
O 组织名（或公司名） Organization Name (eg, company)
OU 组织单位名称（或部门名） Organizational Unit Name (eg, section)
CN 服务器域名/证书拥有者名称 Common Name (e.g. server FQDN or YOUR name)
emailAddress 邮件地址 Email

参考

k3s集群单节点部署与集群内DashBoard部署 - 知乎 (zhihu.com)

k3s集群搭建并安装kubernetes-dashboard - 东峰叵,com - 博客园 (cnblogs.com)

[K8S 快速入门（十九）通过Helm 安装 Kubernetes Dashboard_helm安装dashboard ingress-CSDN博客](https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_41947378/article/details/111661539#:~:text=通过Helm 安装 Kubernetes Dashboard 1 1. 下载 %23,外网访问 %23 将svc的ClusterIP改为NotePort，外网访问 … 5 5. 令牌方式登录仪表盘)

使用 traefik ingress暴露kubernetes-dashbord - HTTPS版本_svclb-traefik-CSDN博客

Kubernetes dashboardv2.7.0安装指南：从零开始搭建可视化界面 - 知乎

发表于 更新于 分类于 ，

常用国内源

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https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/pypi/web/simple # 已暂时移除并重定向到 BFSU PyPI

https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/

http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/pypi/simple

查看当前镜像地址

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pip config list

# 查看数据中对应路径
global.index-url = 'https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple'
install.trusted-host = 'https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn'

临时使用

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pip install numpy -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

全局修改

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pip config set global.index-url https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

换回默认

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pip config unset global.index-url

发表于 更新于 分类于 
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# 导出根证书
kubectl get secret example-secret -o jsonpath='{.data.ca\.crt}'| base64 --decode

kubectl get secret example-secret -o jsonpath='{.data.tls\.crt}'| base64 --decode

kubectl get secret example-secret -o jsonpath='{.data.tls\.key}'| base64 --decode

导出Secret

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kubectl get secret example-secret -o yaml > example-secret.yaml

导出内容格式如下

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apiVersion: v1
data:
  ca.crt: ...
  tls.crt: ...
  tls.key: ...
kind: Secret
metadata:
  annotations:
    cert-manager.io/alt-names: '...'
    cert-manager.io/certificate-name: ...
    cert-manager.io/common-name: Tianjin Pengan
    cert-manager.io/ip-sans: 192.168.0.2
    cert-manager.io/issuer-group: cert-manager.io
    cert-manager.io/issuer-kind: ClusterIssuer
    cert-manager.io/issuer-name: selfsigned-cluster-issuer
    cert-manager.io/subject-organizations: ...
    cert-manager.io/uri-sans: ""
  creationTimestamp: "2024-09-10T10:54:59Z"
  labels:
    controller.cert-manager.io/fao: "true"
  name: tjpengan-io-secret
  namespace: default
  resourceVersion: "1730340"
  uid: 1c7d877b-ed86-4a1a-ad8c-0d8466c46506
type: kubernetes.io/tls

Base64解码

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# cert
cat example-secret.yaml | grep tls.crt | awk '{print $2}' | base64 --decode > example-secret.cert

#key
cat example-secret.yaml | grep tls.key | awk '{print $2}' | base64 --decode > example-secret.key

发表于 更新于 分类于

Kubectl部署

配置文件

Helm部署

添加helm库

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# 添加库
helm repo add bitnami https://charts.bitnami.com/bitnami

# 更新库缓存
helm repo update 

# 搜索redis镜像
helm search repo redis

# 获取package的values.yaml
helm show values bitnami/redis > values-default.yaml

配置 values.yaml

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auth:
  password: 123456 # redis 访问密码
master:
  service:
    type: NodePort		# 服务对外暴露端口方式
  persistence:			# 配置点存储
    storageClass: ""
    size: 8Gi
replica:				
  service:
    type: NodePort
  persistence:
    storageClass: ""
    size: 8Gi

部署

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helm install -f values.yaml redis bitnami/redis --namespace --create-namespace

参考

kubernetes环境部署单节点redis - 紫色飞猪 - 博客园 (cnblogs.com)

K8S如何部署Redis（单机、集群）_k8部署redis单节点-CSDN博客

4. K8S发布redis主从-CSDN博客

redis集群 - Helm3-安装Redis - 全栈工程师进阶 - SegmentFault 思否

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